Leishmania parasites are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by phlebotomine sandflies and， in humans， may cause tegumentary or visceral leishmaniasis. The role of PKR (dsRNA activated kinase) and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation in the control of Leishmania infection highlights the importance of the engagement of RNA sensors， which are usually involved in the antiviral cell response， in the fate of parasitism by Leishmania. We tested the hypothesis that Phlebovirus， a subgroup of the Bunyaviridae， transmitted by sandflies， would interfere with Leishmania infection.